A hybrid method for more efficient channel‐by‐channel reconstruction with many channels

In MRI, imaging using receiving coil arrays with a large number of elements is an area of growing interest. With increasing channel numbers for parallel acquisition, longer reconstruction times have become a significant concern. Channel reduction techniques have been proposed to reduce the processing time of channel‐by‐channel reconstruction algorithms. In this article, two schemes are combined to enable faster and more accurate reconstruction than existing channel reduction techniques. One scheme use two stages of channel reduction instead of one. The other scheme is to incorporate all acquired data into the final reconstruction. The combination of these two schemes is called flexible virtual coil. Applications of flexible virtual coil for partially parallel imaging, motion compensation, and compressed sensing are presented as specific examples. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has a major impact in reducing computation cost in reconstruction with high‐channel count coil elements. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Fast fat suppression RF pulse train with insensitivity to B1 inhomogeneity for body imaging

In higher‐field magnetic resonance imaging scanners, a spectrally selective fat saturation radiofrequency (RF) pulse does not work well because B₁ inhomogeneity increases. An adiabatic 180° pulse is used to improve nonuniform fat suppression, but requires inversion recovery time. Therefore, a new RF pulse that achieves flip angles near 90° and is B₁ insensitive has been developed. The pulse consists of three sinc‐shaped RF pulses with different flip angles and with different time intervals between each RF pulse. Using the Bloch equations, we analyzed the optimal combination of flip angles. Experimental results demonstrated that M_z was maintained at less than 0.05 M₀ for a B₁ inhomogeneity of ±35%. The optimal net flip angles was adjusted to 95° by varying the time interval between RF pulses. The pulse duration was 77 ms, which is less than half of the 170‐ms inversion recovery time required for the adiabatic pulse. We demonstrated excellent fat suppression for body imaging. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

快速康复外科理念在经腹腔镜下行前列腺癌根治术患者围术期护理中的应用效果

目的探讨快速康复外科(fast-track surgery,FTS)理念在经腹腔镜下行前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)根治术患者围术期护理中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2015年1-12月在瑞金医院卢湾分院因PCa而行腹腔镜下PCa根治术的患者120例的临床资料。按是否实施FTS护理将其分为FTS组和对照组,每组60例。FTS组患者在围术期实施FTS护理,而对照组患者实施传统护理,比较两组患者术后首次排气时间、住院时间、住院费用、拔除引流管时间和术后并发症的发生率等。结果 FTS组患者首次排气时间较对照组提前,术后住院天数明显缩短,住院费用显著降低,拔除引流管时间提前,总并发症发生率低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下行PCa根治术患者围术期实施FTS护理方案安全、有效,具有缩短住院时间、减少住院费用和降低术后并发症的优势,有利于患者手术后创伤应激的恢复。     

琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中的有效性和安全性分析

目的分析琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法选取70岁以上伴有快速永久性心房颤动40例。在基础治疗上加用小剂量酒石酸美托洛尔片逐渐达到靶剂量,2周后按照1∶1更换为琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片,继续观察2周。分别记录患者症状、清晨静息心率,检查B型尿钠肽、动态心电图及动态血压并进行分析。结果琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片的治疗靶剂量为（66.25±18.75） mg。患者在琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗后症状、24 h平均心率、清晨静息心率、24 h平均血压、B型尿钠肽均较用药前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片当使用到靶剂量时最长R-R间期无明显延长,患者未出现不适症状。结论在高龄合并快速永久性心房颤动治疗中,琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片有着良好的临床疗效和安全性,值得临床应用。     

Beyond Food Promotion: A Systematic Review on the Influence of the Food Industry on Obesity-Related Dietary Behaviour among Children

An increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and beverages as a result of a changing obesogenic environment contributes substantially to the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity. This paper reviews the nature and extent of food industry influences which expose children to commercial influences and thus might affect unhealthy dietary behaviour and finally contributes to obesity. A systematic search of nine electronic databases (including PubMed, PsycINFO, EconLit) and reference lists of original studies and reviews using key search terms identified 1900 articles. Of these only thirty-six articles met the inclusion and quality criteria. A narrative synthesis of the reviewed studies revealed six key obesogenic environments by which the food industry possibly influences obesity-related dietary behaviours in young children. These were schools, retailers, mass media “television”, mass media “internet”, home and promotional campaigns. Identifying these obesogenic environments is critical for monitoring and controlling the food industry, the development of effective environmental-level interventions to prevent childhood overweight and obesity and to identify knowledge gaps to be addressed in future research to support informed decisions of policy makers.     

Patients' satisfaction with fast‐track surgery in gynaecological oncology

This study investigates the experience and satisfaction with care of fast‐tracked gynaecological patients. The Sydney Gynaecological Oncology Group, New South Wales, Australia, has previously shown the benefits of a fast‐track surgery programme for gynaecology patients with both complex benign gynaecological pathology and gynaecological malignancy. The question of whether these benefits translate into a positive experience for fast‐tracked patients, in the context of their hospital stay and healthcare team care, has not been previously explored in detail. A self‐administered satisfaction questionnaire incorporating the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) cancer in‐patient satisfaction with care measure (INPATSAT‐32) questionnaire with additional questions was administered to 106 gynaecology participants at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with patient care and support received from doctors, ward nurses and the hospital as a service and care organisation, within the context of a fast‐track surgical programme. Early hospital discharge after gynaecological surgery results in both enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and high levels of patient satisfaction.     

快速血糖检测仪进行床旁检测的现状分析与对策

目的　调查使用快速血糖仪的现状及存在问题 ,探讨其解决方法。方法　通过调查 ,了解所使用的快速血糖仪的品牌、操作人员的现状、培训方法、质量控制等。结果　目前使用的快速血糖仪品牌混杂 ,操作人员多为非专业人员 ,质量控制方法也不完善。结论　为了发挥快速血糖仪的优点 ,保证结果的准确性及可比性 ,同一医院应尽可能使用同一品牌的快速血糖仪 ,对操作人员进行有效的专业培训 ,在日常工作中采取有效的质量保证措施     

医护一体化护理干预促进肝癌患者快速康复的效果

目的探讨医护一体化护理干预促进肝癌患者快速康复的临床效果。方法 2015年7-12月,采用便利抽样法选取新疆某三级甲等医院实施肝部分切除手术的83例肝癌患者。按患者入院先后将其分为观察组和对照组,观察组40例,围术期行在医护一体化模式下的快速康复外科护理干预;对照组43例,围术期给予常规方法护理。比较两组患者术后下床时间、首次排气时间、术后进普食时间、术后住院时间及住院费用等情况。结果观察组患者术后下床时间、首次排气时间、术后进普食时间、术后住院时间及住院费用等方面均短于或少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论医护一体化模式下护理干预能够促进医护人员的沟通合作,提升护理服务质量,从而促进患者术后快速康复,提高患者满意度。     

Low SAR 31P (multi‐echo) spectroscopic imaging using an integrated whole‐body transmit coil at 7T

Phosphorus (³¹P) MRSI provides opportunities to monitor potential biomarkers. However, current applications of ³¹P MRS are generally restricted to relatively small volumes as small coils are used. Conventional surface coils require high energy adiabatic RF pulses to achieve flip angle homogeneity, leading to high specific absorption rates (SARs), and occupy space within the MRI bore. A birdcage coil behind the bore cover can potentially reduce the SAR constraints massively by use of conventional amplitude modulated pulses without sacrificing patient space. Here, we demonstrate that the integrated ³¹P birdcage coil setup with a high power RF amplifier at 7 T allows for low flip angle excitations with short repetition time (T_R) for fast 3D chemical shift imaging (CSI) and 3D T₁‐weighted CSI as well as high flip angle multi‐refocusing pulses, enabling multi‐echo CSI that can measure metabolite T₂, over a large field of view in the body. B₁⁺ calibration showed a variation of only 30% in maximum B₁ in four volunteers. High signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) MRSI was obtained in the gluteal muscle using two fast in vivo 3D spectroscopic imaging protocols, with low and high flip angles, and with multi‐echo MRSI without exceeding SAR levels. In addition, full liver MRSI was achieved within SAR constraints. The integrated ³¹P body coil allowed for fast spectroscopic imaging and successful implementation of the multi‐echo method in the body at 7 T. Moreover, no additional enclosing hardware was needed for ³¹P excitation, paving the way to include larger subjects and more space for receiver arrays. The increase in possible number of RF excitations per scan time, due to the improved B₁⁺ homogeneity and low SAR, allows SNR to be exchanged for spatial resolution in CSI and/or T₁ weighting by simply manipulating T_R and/or flip angle to detect and quantify ratios from different molecular species.     

Impact of fillers on dissolution kinetic of fenofibrate dry foams

Abstract

Dry foam technology reveals the opportunity to improve the dissolution behavior of poorly soluble drugs tending to agglomeration due to micronization. In this study, the impact of fillers on the manufacturability, the properties of dry foams and granules as well as the dissolution kinetics of dry foam tablets was investigated using fenofibrate as a model compound. Different maltodextrins and dried glucose syrups, a maltodextrin–phosphatidylcholine complex, isomalt and a 1:1 mixture of mannitol/glucose syrup were used as filler. Within the group of maltodextrins and glucose syrups, the influences of dextrose equivalent (DE), particle morphology and botanical source of starch were investigated. Comparable macroscopic foam structures were obtained with maltodextrins and glucose syrups whereas different foam morphologies were obtained for the other fillers tested. Regarding the maltodextrins and glucose syrups, different physicochemical and particle properties had a minor impact on granule characteristics and tablet dissolution. Using the maltodextrin–phosphatidylcholine complex resulted in a low specific surface area of the granules and a slow tablet dissolution caused by a slow disintegration. In contrast, a high specific surface area and a fast release were obtained with isomalt and glucose syrup/mannitol mixture indicating that high soluble low molecular weight fillers enable the development of fast dissolving dry foam tablets.